Cannabis is a complex plant with a rich history and a diverse array of chemical compounds, many of which interact with the human body in various ways. Understanding these key components is essential for appreciating the plant's potential applications and effects.
CannabinoidsCannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are naturally found in the cannabis plant. They are responsible for many of the plant's therapeutic and psychoactive effects. The two most well-known cannabinoids are Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD).
Cannabinoid | Description | Primary Effects |
|---|---|---|
THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) | The primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, responsible for the "high." | Euphoria, altered perception, relaxation, appetite stimulation. |
CBD (Cannabidiol) | A non-psychoactive compound known for its therapeutic potential. | Anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, analgesic, anticonvulsant. |
CBN (Cannabinol) | A minor cannabinoid that forms as THC degrades. | Mildly psychoactive, sedative properties. |
CBG (Cannabigerol) | Often referred to as the "mother of all cannabinoids" as other cannabinoids are synthesized from it. | Potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective properties. |
CBC (Cannabichromene) | A non-psychoactive cannabinoid, often found in lower concentrations. | Potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant properties. |
Terpenes are aromatic organic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the distinct aromas and flavors of different cannabis strains and are believed to contribute to the plant's effects through what is known as the "entourage effect."
Terpene | Aroma Profile | Potential Effects |
|---|---|---|
Myrcene | Musky, earthy, herbal | Sedative, muscle relaxant |
Limonene | Citrusy, fresh | Mood elevation, stress relief |
Caryophyllene | Spicy, peppery, woody | Anti-inflammatory, analgesic |
Pinene | Pine, earthy | Alertness, memory retention |
Linalool | Floral, lavender | Calming, anxiolytic |
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant metabolites known for their health-promoting properties and vibrant pigments. In cannabis, flavonoids contribute to the plant's color, flavor, and potential therapeutic effects.
- Cannflavin A & B: Unique to cannabis, these flavonoids are being studied for their anti-inflammatory properties.
- Quercetin: A common flavonoid found in many fruits and vegetables, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits.
- Apigenin: Also found in chamomile, it is being researched for its anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Beyond cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, cannabis contains a variety of other compounds that contribute to its overall chemistry. These include:
- Fatty Acids: Essential for plant health and found in cannabis seeds.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Found in the plant material, contributing to its nutritional profile.
- Chlorophyll: The green pigment responsible for photosynthesis.